Cashmere, Pashmina Industries Fading in Kashmir

Famous worldwide, Cashmere wool is dying in Pakistani Kashmir because of cheap competition from its neighbor China.

Published

11 months ago

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World, Arts & Society

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Asia, Arts & Culture

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Pakistan, Kashmir

Transcript

SCRIPT: High in the mountains of Pakistan-administered Kashmir a centuries-old tradition is dying. Goats here are the source of Cashmere wool, spun by locals and adored around the world. But in villages near the disputed border with India, youngsters are showing little interest in the hand-woven craft. SOUNDBITE 1 Hidayat Ullah (man), weaver (Kashmiri, 17 sec) ���We have been doing this work for generations. I do it without even thinking. The new generation is not willing to do this profession, because it is a very laborious work that doesn���t pay enough. ��� As the summer draws to an end, goats leave their pasture and descend into the valley. There, the wool is cut with scissors and then woven by hand using a loom. A Cashmere shawl sells for hundreds of dollars in the developed world -- but the weaver gets just 30 dollars for the 15 days it takes to complete one. And in local shops and markets their Kashmiri products face stiff competition from cheaper imports. SOUNDBITE 2 Rabia Bibi (woman), Muzaffarabad resident (Urdu, 19 sec): "The Kashmiri dresses and shawls look beautiful but they are too expensive for me. The second-hand foreign fabrics are what we can afford in the markets, especially those from China." The combination of cheap copies and the young abandoning the trade means, in one village, the number of machines in use has plummeted from 100 to 10 in just a generation. Some fear the skilled tradition is gradually being forgotten. SOUNDBITE 3 Fatima Yaqoob (woman), lecturer, Arts and Cultural University of Azad Kashmir (Urdu, 17 sec): "Quantity is being reduced as well as the quality of the work, because people don't know how to make new designs or make a better product. The looms are old and hand-operated. If the paddle looms switched to power looms then this industry can be saved." For Kashmiris living in one of Pakistan���s poorest provinces, securing the craft���s future is a matter of both cultural identity and economic necessity. SHOTLIST: GRACE VALLEY, KASHMIR, PAKISTAN, JUNE 2013, SOURCE: AFPTV - Various shots of the valley and mountains - Various shots of goats - Various Hidayat Ullah weaving - SOUNDBITE 1 - Various shots of women shearing goats - Various shots of women weaving MUZAFFARABAD, KASHMIR, PAKISTAN, JUNE 2013, SOURCE: AFPTV - Various imported cashmere in store - SOUNDBITE 2 GRACE VALLEY, KASHMIR, PAKISTAN, JUNE 2013, SOURCE: AFPTV - Various shots of women spinning wool MUZAFFARABAD, KASHMIR, PAKISTAN, SOURCE: AFPTV - Various shots of the Arts and Cultural University of Azad Kashmir - SOUNDBITE 3 GRACE VALLEY, KASHMIR, PAKISTAN, JUNE 2013, SOURCE: AFPTV - Various of houses in the valley /// -------------------------------------------------- AFP TEXT STORY: Cashmere, Pashmina industries fading in Kashmir / Grace Valley (Pakistan) - 11 September 2013 11:21 - AFP (Sajjad Qayyum) / FEATURE In his two-room wooden house high in the beautiful Grace Valley in Kashmir, Hidayat Ullah weaves at a manual paddle loom. Asked how he learned the craft, he gestures to a frail, wizened old man coughing on a bed in the corner. ���I got this skill from my father, but now my son is not taking up this profession. He prefers to work in the fields and sometimes also works as a labourer -- it's better money than the loom," Hidayat Ullah told AFP. Weavers have produced exquisite shawls in Kashmir for centuries, but their craft risks dying out in the face of cheap foreign imports and a young generation uninterested in mastering the skill. Kashmir gave its name to the soft cashmere wool that commands huge prices in the West, but in Hidayat Ullah's village there are now only 10 paddle looms, known as khadis, where once there were 100. Cashmere scarves and sweaters sell for hundreds of dollars in the developed world but Hidayat Ullah takes only 3,000 rupees -- $30 -- for the 15 days' labour needed to make a single shawl. For centuries the people of Grace Valley in the Pakistani-administered part of the Himalayan territory lived off their livestock, taking their animals up to high pastures in summer and bringing them down in September to shear them and spin the wool. As snow blanketed the valley for the long months of winter, villagers confined indoors wove shawls, embroidering colourful patterns by hand before selling them in the spring as the emerald slopes returned to life. Now demand among locals is collapsing. "A hand-woven shawl costs 10,000 rupees ($100) while you can get the same kind of shawl in the markets for 2,000 to 3,000 rupees," weaver Zeenat Bibi, 32, told AFP. Bibi makes shawls with her father-in-law but says no-one else in the family is interested in learning. "I have a 10-year-old daughter, who asks me why I waste my time doing this strange old job," she said. In the past, the isolation of the area helped local craftsmen as it was difficult to bring in goods from outside. Now, as communications open up, things are changing. "These days second-hand clothes with new designs, good material and at cheaper prices are available, so they want to buy these and this old tradition is diminishing day by day," said Fatima Yaqoob, a lecturer at the Arts and Cultural University of Azad Kashmir. Government help is needed to modernise the industry -- in particular to switch from manual to power looms -- and encourage more people to go into it, she said. In India, the government has already stepped in to minimise the impact of similar problems affecting the traditional artisans who make beautiful shawls from special wool from the Pashmina goat. It has secured a GI (Geographical Indication under WTO) mark for the fabric and the process of shawl making and set up a testing laboratory in Srinagar, the capital of Indian-administered Kashmir. Pashmina goats are reared by nomads in the Changthang area of Indian Kashmir's Ladakh, at an altitude of more than 14,000 feet where winter temperatures can plummet to minus 50 degrees Celsius. The finest Pashmina wool is hand-spun into shawls, usually by women. Artisans then embroider them with intricate designs for a finished product that can cost thousands of dollars in the West. Thousands of Indian Kashmiris are involved in the Pashmina trade, but scarce raw materials and an explosion in fakes worries artisans and traders, and many have quit the profession. "The term Kashmir Pashmina is being misused by very many people around the world," said M. S. Farooqi, who heads the Craft Development Institute in Srinagar. "The craft of Pashmina making has such a historical context, exquisiteness and uniqueness that it is a coveted product worldwide... and GI will help bring it back to the people and the region it belongs to," Farooqi said. "Kashmir Pashmina will now be branded as that and restored to the original creators of the craft." But the younger generation are abandoning Pashminas for jobs with the government or in the construction industry in Ladakh. Last winter some 25,000 Pashmina goats perished in Changthang in unusually cold weather when their fodder froze under a thick icy layer of snow and land routes to the area were cut off for weeks. Scientists at the Sher-i-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology or SKUAST in Kashmir last year succeeded in making a clone of the Pashmina goat, which was called Noori. The aim is to increase productivity of the Pashmina yielding goats and to send male clones into the environment to breed naturally. Experiments have shown that while the Pashmina goat can survive at lower altitudes in Kashmir, they do not produce the same quality of Pashmina wool. "The Pashmina wool produced by the goat in its natural habitat is actually a biological response to the extreme cold weather conditions at high altitude," said Sarfaraz Ahmed, a researcher at SKUAST. But it's unclear if science can stop the market trends. "Most buyers find it difficult to distinguish between a fake and a genuine Pashmina shawl," shrugged Mohammad Sadiq Wani, a trader and exporter of Kashmir handicrafts in Srinagar. END